Description
John Neihardt taught English at the University of Missouri from 1949 to the early 1960s. One of his courses titled Epic America was immensely popular and always had a waiting list for admittance to the course. In the early 60s, the course was video-taped so it could be offered after his retirement from the university. This lecture is a re-edited version of a lecture in the Epic America course.
In this lecture, John Neihardt faithfully retells the story of Eagle Voice’s participation in the Sun Dance. The information presented comes directly from Eagle Voice, who told it to Neihardt in great detail in 1944 when Eagle Voice was 93. Much attention is paid to each detail of the great event of the Sun Dance, from accepting the honor of the dance, to the people finding the Sacred Tree, to the dance itself.
John Neihardt Speaks of Eagle Voice:
I have been asked to furnish a brief introduction to the following tale by way of suggesting the sources upon which I have drawn. This is a very large order, involving, as it does, a rather long lifetime spent in the American West.
Some of my most vivid boyhood memories are concerned with true pioneer life in north-western Kansas, where I lived with covered-wagon grandparents in a sod house, with cow-chips gathered from the fenceless prairie for fuel, and wicks in bowls of lard for lamps . . .
In Nebraska, during my later boyhood and youth, I saw the frontier slowly vanish westward, being only vaguely aware of what was happening to my world.
The three most vital decades of my manhood were devoted to my Cycle of the West, designed to celebrate the great mood of courage characteristic of that epic time and country. I was never compelled to go in search of local color, which was all about me; and it was my privilege to know, as friends, many who had done their parts in the latter phases of that great Western epos – plainsmen, rivermen, Indian fighters from privates to generals and Indians of the Plains.
More than half a century ago I was living among the Omaha Indians, a Siouan people, and (with the name of Little Bull Buffalo) I was truly one of them in heart. Later I became intimately acquainted with the Sioux Indians of the Dakotas, and through friendships with many of the unreconstructed “long-hairs” of the tribe, who knew no English, was enabled to enter into the consciousness of the once great nomadic people. I shared, in the closest terms of intimacy and understanding, their rich memories and their culture.
Perhaps the most illuminating experience of my life was my association with Black Elk, a Holy Man of the Sioux who, twenty-five years ago, made me his spiritual son (with the name Flaming Rainbow) that he might teach me and that I in turn, might pass his teaching on to an alien world; for “soon he would be under the grass” (he said), and what was given him for all men would otherwise be lost. Some of what he taught me is in the tale here told.
Our Eagle Voice ”here speaking” is a composite character; but the tale he tells is based upon the life story of my old friend Eagle Elk, who died in 1945 at the age of ninety-four. The relationship that grew up between us is faithfully represented in this book. Eagle Voice is Eagle Elk in character, and in the idiom of his thoughts and speech. The adventures that I have added to his own, by way of giving a comprehensive view of the old Sioux world, are all authentic.
John G. Neihardt, Columbia, Missouri, USA 1953
